Piercing the Mountain:
An Interview with Ruth Yarrow
An interview by Michael Dylan Welch, first
published in Frogpond 38:3, Autumn 2015 (see PDF file). In July of 2015, Ruth Yarrow was appointed as the nineteenth honorary curator of the American Haiku Archives. Read additional selections of Ruth’s haiku at Terebess online. See also Ruth's book of selected haiku, Lit from Within, published in 2016 by Red Moon Press.
Imagine hearing a haiku about a water ouzel or a loon, followed by whistling or
whooping in imitation of that bird’s sound. Imagine the poet’s pursed lips,
trilling tongue, or occasionally flapping arms. Imagine poem after poem recited
this way, each one dramatized with precisely imitated birdsong.
Poets in the
Seattle area have had the privilege of witnessing this performance numerous
times [see a video recording on YouTube]. They have heard a haiku poet who knows her birds, and knows her nature: Ruth
Yarrow. She’s a natural at haiku. Her poems about plants and animals, or hiking
in the old-growth forest of the Pacific Northwest—which Margaret Craven called
“the greatest forest in the word”—demonstrate not just a deep knowledge of the
earth and its flora and fauna, but an irrepressible love and respect for it
too.
Ruth Yarrow’s passion for
haiku and the natural world has unfolded for more than forty years. This
passion extends to activism, working for peace, justice, and environmental causes.
She has written remarkable essays focusing on the intersection of haiku and
senryu with socially focused subjects, such as labor, war, and nuclear disarmament.
She’s lived in Ghana and Costa Rica, and in places closer to home such as New
Jersey, upstate New York, and Seattle, where she has influenced countless
others on two coasts—and worldwide through her haiku publications—with her
quiet dedication to careful seeing in her natural world. That seeing has included
her family and personal relationships, too, and she’s written some of the best
motherhood haiku yet written in English.
Ruth and I knew each other
before we both moved to the Seattle area, and for decades I read her poetry in
the leading journals. I recall a memorable day in San Francisco when I played
tour guide for her and her two children when they were visiting from New York.
I vividly remember the more recent nature walks she led at the Seabeck Haiku
Getaway—including the way she had us arrange a set of autumn leaves by color on
black pavement or showed us insect marks on the bark of a tree, or uncommon
mushrooms under forest duff. I also recall workshops she gave at the Haiku
North America conference and elsewhere, her nature-focused watercolor paintings
and exhibits, and her gracious commentary on haiku shared at monthly meetings
of the Haiku Northwest group in the Seattle area. Occasionally she asked to use
a poem of mine in an essay, or wrote to offer an appreciation for this poem or
that. I know she made connections like this with many other poets and
environmentalists as well.
For all of Ruth’s love of
haiku and the people who write them, what matters more is the earth they
celebrate. When Haiku Northwest was given the opportunity in 2008 to perform
haiku at the renowned Pacific Rim Bonsai Collection near Seattle, she spoke up
against it with polite vigor because the collection was then owned and operated
by the logging giant Weyerhaeuser, whose environmental practices she opposes—her
principles came before haiku. Indeed, beneath her soft-spoken exterior lies a
fierce pacifist, a thoughtful activist who finds haiku to be an extension for
her beliefs about the natural world.
Nor is she afraid to paint
dark pictures as well as light. In “Ruth Yarrow: American Haiku Master,” a
story in City Living Seattle
published in October of 2010, Mike Dillon quotes Ruth on the subject: “There’s
a danger writing a lot of sweet haiku, to . . . think one can’t encompass the
whole human experience,” she said (12). In an essay on environmental haiku in Frogpond (14:3, 1999), Ruth states that
“the power of haiku in helping us focus on natural beauty is one reason the
form attracts so many adherents in this time of environmental crisis. . . . But
if we only cling to the unsullied nature we want to see, our haiku can become
naively romantic” (23–24).
On July 12, 2015, the
American Haiku Archives advisory board (which I’m on) appointed Ruth Yarrow as
its nineteenth honorary curator, a richly deserved honor. In late 2014, before
this appointment was deliberated, I thought to interview Ruth about her history
with haiku. She may seem like a quiet poet, but she’s been a steady one, a poet
whose work deserves to be more widely appreciated. In his essay “American
Haiku’s Future” (Modern Haiku 34:3,
Autumn 2003), Cor van den Heuvel highlighted Ruth Yarrow as one of fourteen
poets who are “major figures in twenty-first-century American haiku.” In 2013,
that appreciation was given a further boost when she was a featured poet in the
landmark anthology, Where the River Goes:
The Nature Tradition in English-Language Haiku (Ormskirk, United Kingdom: Snapshot
Press). In describing her work, editor Allan Burns says that Ruth is “among the
most acclaimed haiku poets of [her] generation” (172). He notes that, because
most other anthologies have featured her domestic haiku, “Yarrow’s
nature-oriented work has not typically been emphasized in her selections in
anthologies,” and that, “As a result, there has probably been less recognition
of Yarrow’s achievements as a first-rank nature haiku poet than might be
expected” (394).
In 2004, the Seattle
Office for Human Rights, the Seattle Human Rights Commission, and the United
Nations Association of Seattle honored Mike and Ruth Yarrow as “Distinguished
Citizens for Human Rights.” For Ruth and her husband, haiku has been an
extension of deep-seated beliefs that can move mountains, even if haiku can’t. Ruth
Yarrow, now in her 77th year, is a poet who is pierced by mountains, and
pierces them in return, becoming one with her environment.
How
did you first come to haiku?
I do write poetry in other forms, but I’ve written many more haiku. I got
hooked when I was teaching a course at Stockton College in southern New Jersey
in the mid 70s on how cultures around the world express their attitude about
the environment in their literature. I realized how little I knew about the
literature of Asia, and because I had a vague recollection that haiku was a
poetic form including nature, I delved into it. Since I asked my students to
try writing haiku, I had to try too—and didn’t stop.
Do
you remember your first haiku, or at least an early one? How about your first
published haiku? Please talk about these poems.
Two of my first haiku were:
evening sun through reeds:
shadow rings slip up and
down
at wind speed
moonlit okra leaves
floating in blackness
no one sees the stems
These were observations from a local marsh and my backyard garden where we were
living in northern New Jersey. I was struck by the mysterious feeling of the
sliding rings and invisible stems. I was tickled when they were chosen to go in
the “Watersounds” section of the second volume of Frogpond in 1979.
What
were some of the most influential books you read on haiku, both very early on
in your practice of haiku, and more recently?
Back in the early 1970s I assigned Harold Henderson’s Haiku in English to my students, and depended heavily on it myself.
Then I found Cor van den Heuvel’s first edition of The Haiku Anthology, and was very excited to read that a new haiku
magazine, Frogpond, was being
launched. I marked which poems I thought were good submissions to Frogpond’s “Croaks” section, waited
eagerly for the next edition to see which of the judges agreed with me, and
submitted my own efforts. More recently I still value Cor’s revised anthology. Makoto
Ueda’s work has stretched my concept of what haiku can be.
You’re
well known in haiku circles for also being a naturalist. Please describe your
background as a naturalist. How has this informed your haiku?
In the 1950s I attended and taught in a rigorous nature study camp in the Blue
Ridge mountains of Virginia. That led me to choose Antioch College for its
strong environmental education program (as well as its leftist politics, co-op
job program, and wild folk dancing!). I taught science with the Peace Corps in
Ghana, and then earned a Masters degree in ecology from Cornell University. That
enabled me to teach field ecology at the college level and to work as a
naturalist in environmental centers. People of all ages light up as they
recognize the call of the tufted titmouse or predict where sensitive ferns will
be growing, and I thoroughly enjoyed helping them connect with the natural
world. I find when you’re attuned to the natural world you connect it more
easily with your own emotions, and that helps haiku happen.
What
advice do you have for haiku poets who are not naturalists? Is it still
possible to write strong nature haiku without being schooled in botany or
zoology, or being an avid birdwatcher?
Of course! It’s the awareness that’s key, not whether you know the species name
of a frog or the sex life of green algae.
Tell
us about your books, and how they came to be. Do you have more in the works?
My first book, No One Sees the Stems,
1981, was chosen as a High/Coo mini-chapbook. My second book, Down Marble Canyon, 1984, from a
wonderful raft trip with family in the Grand Canyon, was selected by Wind Chimes as a minibook. My third
haiku collection was requested by a poet connected with Crossing Press, to form
a blank book titled A Journal for Reflections,
1988, where every other blank page featured one of my haiku. My fourth, Sun Gilds the Edge, 1998, was chosen in
the Saki Press contest. My fifth, Whiff
of Cedar, I put together with the help of a local printer in 2007,
alternating wilderness haiku with Seattle-inspired ones. Eventually I’ll work
on a collection of my strongest haiku. I have usually done my own calligraphy
and, except for A Journal for Reflections,
have illustrated each of my books with line drawings or watercolor.
You
are also known as an activist for causes relating to peace and
environmentalism. How does haiku connect to these causes?
I believe haiku can connect to every aspect of our lives. That’s why I keep
writing articles that I hope will nudge people to write haiku about their
experiences and emotions around issues beyond the usual, including work,
environmental concerns, economic inequality, the threat of radioactivity, and
war.
Is
it ever appropriate for haiku to have an agenda, such as promoting world peace
or saving the whales? What is the best way for haiku to do that, if at all?
Having emotions about an issue shouldn’t be written off as having an agenda. I
think it’s just as appropriate in haiku to share your feelings about climate
change as about cherry blossoms. However, I don’t think it’s easy to write
effectively about issues that people label as political, especially in this
country. Writing haiku is not the same as creating a bumper sticker. A good
haiku about an issue that people might feel is political is one that subtly
conveys your feelings while linking it to your experience. Here are a few
examples.
About working and economic inequality:
dirt farmer’s wife
at the screen door—
no tractor sound
Randy
Brooks, Midwest Haiku Anthology, 1992
About the environment:
standing on a stump
the land developer
in green shades
Peter
Yovu, Haiku Compass, 1994
About nuclear weapons:
a newsman explains
the neutron bomb’s effect
supper cools
Michael
Dudley, Counterbomb Renga, 1983
About the U.S. war in Iraq, experienced through photos, by Dean Summers, 2003:
a woman’s anguish
in her arms
something bundled up
bright spring morning
in the rocks above the village
a sniper adjusts his scope
Tom
Clausen, your fellow Ithacan, has said he discovered haiku after reading an
article about you in the Ithaca Times. Please tell us that story, and
anything else you can about Tom and his haiku. He has emerged as one of the
standout poets writing haiku in English today, and he owes his poetic beginning
to you. How does that make you feel?
Tom says the article was a profile about me around 1988 after the Reflections book was published. I am
pleased that he says my haiku
after the garden
party the garden
was an instantaneous awakening for him that a very short poem could be
powerful. He immediately checked out and bought books on haiku and his early
efforts grew into a lifelong interest. I don’t claim to have mentored Tom, but
greatly appreciate his work, and now that I’ve moved back to Ithaca after eighteen
years, I look forward to connecting with him again. I find his work especially
impressive because he’s a person who finds it really easy to speak and write a
lot of words and yet he is fine poet of this succinct form.
Who
has mentored or influenced you over the years? What are good ways to learn
haiku, both for yourself and others?
Geraldine Little invited me to her home when I first began to publish and was
wonderfully supportive. A bit later Elizabeth Searle Lamb did the same. Like
hoards of other haiku poets, I thrived with the gentle rejections (“almost!”)
and wise suggestions (“could you omit this word?”) of Bob Spiess. I’ve led
numerous haiku workshops and hope they have helped people enrich their lives by
being more aware of those momentary fleeting emotions. The best way I’ve found
to learn haiku is to read a lot, think about which haiku you like and why, and
keep a small pad of paper nearby so you can jot down those juicy small
experiences. Then write, share, send some poems in for publication, and don’t
be discouraged when they get rejected. (My card files are full of the notation “rej”
for rejected.) It also helps, as in the Seattle area, to have folks like
Francine Porad, Michael Dylan Welch, and others who have energetically
organized groups of haiku poets so we can share our appreciation and
suggestions with each other and enjoy the humor and camaraderie that result.
In
1997, you moved from Ithaca, New York, to Seattle, Washington, a radical change
of scenery. What prompted your move, and what do you appreciate about the
Pacific Northwest for the sake of haiku?
When our daughter Delia graduated from high school, and our son Matt from
college, we had an empty nest. We’d always loved backpacking in wilderness,
especially the mountains in Washington State, so in our late 50s we landed jobs
in Seattle. I worked for Washington Physicians for Social Responsibility
educating the public about the dangers of the contamination at the Hanford
Nuclear Reservation and my husband Mike for Western Washington Fellowship of
Reconciliation, organizing for peace and justice. Mike launched and we helped
lead a Peace Activist Trainee Program for high school students for fourteen years,
graduating more than ninety terrific young people. And now I’m back in New
York. When Mike died in 2014, both our children and their families had moved
back to Ithaca, so the pull of family and old friends and now a new
granddaughter lured me to join them.
Mike
was a peace and justice activist, although not as prolific a poet as you.
Please talk about Mike and what haiku meant to him.
Mike wrote some haiku about the world of Appalachian coal miners and I wish he’d
written more. Here’s one:
lighted Pepsi sign
old miners basking
in the dim glow
Mike
Yarrow, Modern Haiku, 1982
Mike started me on another kind of poetry project. His dissertation was based
on more than 200 interviews he and I (mostly he!) completed with Appalachian
coal miners, men and women, and their spouses. Before he died, he started
finding free verse in some of the interviews. I’ve continued that work when I’m
not caring for our delightful nine-month-old granddaughter, and in September of
2015 Bottom Dog Press published our book Voices
from the Appalachian Coal Fields: Found Poems.
What
sort of legacy would you like to be remembered for? What issues are on your
mind?
I hope to be remembered for being a good friend with a sense of humor, and for
helping to organize and connect people working for peace, justice, and a
healthy planet. These issues are definitely on my mind. When our baby
granddaughter is my age, it will be 2090 and I can hardly imagine the
challenges the planet’s inhabitants will face then.
Robert Major, a fellow Pacific Northwest Quaker, wrote the following
poem:
silent Friends meeting . .
.
the sound of chairs being
moved
to enlarge the circle
Could you talk about your religious or spiritual beliefs, and how they relate
to haiku and activism in your life? What are some of your most important
values?
Fine haiku of Bob’s! I believe that there is a Great Spirit or whatever you
call it in each person, and that the earth that sustains us should be treated
with love and respect. This makes it imperative that we work to end war and
inequality and the plundering of the planet. In short, we need to treat others
as we would like to be treated, and the earth as we would treat our own future
generations, because they will be part of it.
Do
you see haiku as a Zen art, or does that not matter to you? Why or why not?
Haiku is a Zen art to many people. I certainly don’t know enough about real Zen
practice to say that my haiku comes out of that tradition. As a Quaker, I
meditate. As a watercolor artist, I especially revere the beauty of the natural
world. So I guess I share some of the approaches and values of Zen
practitioners.
Please
pick a few favourite haiku by other poets and comment on those poems.
The waves now fall
short
of the stranded jellyfish
. . .
in it shines the sky
O. Mabson Southard, Marsh-Grasses,
1967
This poem seems to capture the beauty of a natural death. The waves so subtly
recede; the sky reflects in the jellyfish in a soft way.
distant thunder—
the dog’s toenails click
against the linoleum
Gary
Hotham, Against the Linoleum, 1979
I love the drama of the (I assume small and nervous) dog reacting to an
approaching storm, through the contrast of the deep rolling sound of far-off thunder
and the sharp click of the dog’s toenails underfoot. For some reason I can’t
explain, the word linoleum is so much more evocative than just the word floor.
toll booth lit for
Christmas—
from my hand to hers
warm change
Michael
Dylan Welch, Frogpond, 1995 +
It crossed my mind not to pick your haiku, Michael, because you’re interviewing
me! But I’ve always loved the many contrasts in this haiku—the lighted booth in
a dark December night, the cold of winter and the warmth of the change from her
hand, my assumption that this person might be of color, so coins from a dark
hand to a whitish one, the special connection we feel in this season even in a
mundane exchange like this, and the hope in this season that hints at a warm
change in the tensions of the world.
How
do you distinguish between haiku and senryu? To what extent does this matter?
I find senryu give you that jolt of emotion, often humor at the human
condition, while haiku resonate longer and more deeply. But I don’t think it’s
worth spending much time trying to categorize our work.
What
advice on haiku might you have for beginners? What do you wish you had known
early on that you didn’t learn until later?
Enjoy reading, writing and sharing haiku! Know that dry spells happen, sometimes
for quite a while, and then the inspiration will come again.
What
advice on haiku might you have for experts, or those further along the haiku
path than beginners?
The same as for beginners!
To
wrap up, please pick ten of your favourite or best haiku and say something
about how they came to be, or why they’re special to you.
Five older ones, from the incredible experiences of having children and of
backpacking in wilderness:
warm rain before dawn:
my milk flows into her
unseen
snowmelt:
the toddler stirs her
reflection
with one mitten
a marmot’s whistle
pierces the mountain
first star
canyon:
at the very edge
riversound
touching the fossil—
low rumblings
of thunder
These haiku almost wrote themselves. The warm rain and my milk seemed to
resonate, as did the marmot’s sharp whistle and the star pricking through the
night sky. A friend asked me about the connection between the fossil and the
thunder and I couldn’t clearly explain. It is something about the drama of
evidence of life from so long ago and the drumroll of thunder—it happened just
like that. Our little daughter squatting over a puddle moved me because she was
so lovable. The Black Canyon of the Gunnison was so steep and deep that I kept
trimming words to capture that.
Five from our years in the Pacific Northwest:
I step into old growth:
autumn moon deeper
into sky
planting peas
the earth curves under
my fingernails
against the wind
we hold the peace banner—
our spines straighten
food bank line—
a pigeon picks up crumbs
too small to see
crowded bus through fog—
someone singing softly
in another language
Old growth is truly majestic and creates an environment that seems to expand
in every direction. Crouching to plant peas, I could feel the curve of the huge
earth under me and see it echoed in my grubby fingernails. If you are looking
for haiku that you could say have an agenda, you might put the last three in
that category. But I hope they feel deeper than bumper stickers.
I’m glad you shared that early
poem about the marmot’s whistle, among so many other memorable poems. Did you
know the marmot poem was one of two poems you wrote in my haiku autograph book on
August 26, 1992 when you were visiting San Francisco? In having people sign
that book, I always asked them to pick a favourite or best poem. Why is that
poem so important to you, and still significant to you now?
I wrote the haiku
about the marmot’s whistle on one of our early mountain backpack trips, on a
clear evening, just as the first stars were pricking through. It was a moment
when I felt jolted into connecting the sharp sound and the sky-piercing star.
It’s the kind of moment when you feel really alive, one of the joys in being in
wild places.
What’s an ideal day for you? An ideal
life?
I’m having some pretty ideal days, taking hikes in wildflower-carpeted woods
with an infant granddaughter in a front pack and my family close by. Good
grief, Michael, an ideal life in a sentence? How about a life on a planet that
is cared for, not raped for profit or power, and with everyone in our species
having enough to eat and wear, sufficient healthcare, housing, education, and
community? That would be an ideal life.
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